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Pollution trace gases C2H6, C2H2, HCOOH, and PAN in the North Atlantic UTLS: observations và simulations
Pollution trace gases C2H6, C2H2, HCOOH, and PAN in the North Atlantic UTLS: observations and simulations Pollution trace gases C2H6, C2H2, HCOOH, and PAN in the North Atlantic UTLS: observations and... Gerald Wetzel et al.
Gerald Wetzel1, Felix Friedl-Vallon1, Norbert Glatthor1, Jens-Uwe Grooß2, Thomas Gulde1, Michael Höpfner1, Sören Johansson1, Farahnaz Khosrawi1, Oliver Kirner3, Anne Kleinert1, Erik Kretschmer1, Guido Maucher1, Hans Nordmeyer1, Hermann Oelhaf1, Johannes Orphal1, Christof Piesch1, Björn-Martin Sinnhuber1, Jörn Ungermann2, & Bärbel Vogel2 Gerald Wetzel et al. Gerald Wetzel1, Felix Friedl-Vallon1, Norbert Glatthor1, Jens-Uwe Grooß2, Thomas Gulde1, Michael Höpfner1, Sören Johansson1, Farahnaz Khosrawi1, Oliver Kirner3, Anne Kleinert1, Erik Kretschmer1, Guido Maucher1, Hans Nordmeyer1, Hermann Oelhaf1, Johannes Orphal1, Christof Piesch1, Björn-Martin Sinnhuber1, Jörn Ungermann2, và Bärbel Vogel2
1Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Meteorology andClimate Research, Karlsruhe, Germany 2Research centre Jülich, Institute of Energy and Climate Research – Stratosphere (IEK-7), Jülich, Germany 3Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Steinbuch Centre for Computing,Karlsruhe, Germany
1Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Meteorology andClimate Research, Karlsruhe, Germany 2Research centre Jülich, Institute of Energy and Climate Research – Stratosphere (IEK-7), Jülich, Germany 3Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Steinbuch Centre for Computing,Karlsruhe, Germany
Correspondence: Gerald Wetzel (gerald.wetzel
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Measurements of the pollution trace gases ethane (C2H6), ethyne(C2H2), formic acid (HCOOH), and peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) wereperformed in the North Atlantic upper troposphere & lowermost stratosphere(UTLS) region with the airborne limb imager GLORIA (Gimballed Limb Observerfor Radiance Imaging of the Atmosphere) with high spatial resolution down tocloud top. Observations were made during flights with the German researchaircraft HALO (High Altitude and LOng Range Research Aircraft) in the frameof the WISE (Wave-driven ISentropic Exchange) campaign, which was carriedout in autumn 2017 from Shannon (Ireland) & Oberpfaffenhofen (Germany).Enhanced volume mixing ratios (VMRs) of up lớn 2.2 ppbv C2H6, 0.2ppbv C2H2, 0.9 ppbv HCOOH, and 0.4 ppbv PAN were detected duringthe flight on 13 September 2017 in the upper troposphere & around thetropopause above the British Isles. Elevated quantities of PAN were measuredeven in the lowermost stratosphere (locally up lớn 14 km), likely reflectingthe fact that this molecule has the longest lifetime of the four speciesdiscussed herein. Backward trajectory calculations as well as globalthree-dimensional ChemicalLagrangian mã sản phẩm of the Stratosphere (CLaMS) simulations with artificial tracers of air massorigin have shown that the main sources of the observed pollutant speciesare forest fires in North America & anthropogenic pollution in South Asia andSoutheast Asia uplifted & moved within the Asian monsoon anticyclone (AMA)circulation system. After release from the AMA, these species or theirprecursor substances are transported by strong tropospheric winds over largedistances, depending on their particular atmospheric lifetime of up tomonths. Observations are compared lớn simulations with the atmospheric modelsEMAC (ECHAM5/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry) and CAMS (magmareport.net AtmosphereMonitoring Service). These models are qualitatively able lớn reproduce themeasured VMR enhancements but underestimate the absolute amount of theincrease. Increasing the emissions in EMAC by a factor of 2 reduces thedisagreement between simulated and measured results & illustrates theimportance of the chất lượng of emission databases used in chemical models.