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Key People:Joseph BlackJan Baptista van HelmontGerard Peter Kuiper...(Show more)Related Topics:greenhouse gascarbon footprintKeeling Curvecarbon offsetcarbon tax...(Show more)
carbon dioxide, (CO2), a colourless gas having a faint sharp odour and a sour taste. It is one of the most important greenhouse gases linked to global warming, but it is a minor component of Earth’s atmosphere (about 3 volumes in 10,000), formed in combustion of carbon-containing materials, in fermentation, và in respiration of animals & employed by plants in the photosynthesis of carbohydrates. The presence of the gas in the atmosphere keeps some of the radiant energy received by Earth from being returned to lớn space, thus producing the so-called greenhouse effect. Industrially, it is recovered for numerous diverse applications from flue gases, as a by-product of the preparation of hydrogen for synthesis of ammonia, from limekilns, and from other sources.
Carbon dioxide was recognized as a gas different from others early in the 17th century by a Belgian chemist, Jan Baptista van Helmont, who observed it as a sản phẩm of both fermentation và combustion. It liquefies upon compression khổng lồ 75 kg per square centimetre (1,071 pounds per square inch) at 31 °C (87.4 °F) or lớn 16–24 kg per sq cm (230–345 lb per sq in.) at −23 to lớn −12 °C (−10 lớn 10 °F). By the mid-20th century, most carbon dioxide was sold as the liquid. If the liquid is allowed to lớn expand to lớn atmospheric pressure, it cools & partially freezes lớn a snowlike solid called dry ice that sublimes (passes directly into vapour without melting) at −78.5 °C (−109.3 °F) at the pressure of the normal atmosphere.
Is Earth the only planet with an atmosphere? From carbon dioxide khổng lồ space travel, clear the air in this quiz about Earth’s atmosphere.
At ordinary temperatures, carbon dioxide is quite unreactive; above 1,700 °C (3,100 °F) it partially decomposes into carbon monoxide & oxygen. Hydrogen or carbon also convert it lớn carbon monoxide at high temperatures. Ammonia reacts with carbon dioxide under pressure to form ammonium carbamate, then urea, an important component of fertilizers & plastics. Carbon dioxide is slightly soluble in water (1.79 volumes per volume at 0 °C and atmospheric pressure, larger amounts at higher pressures), forming a weakly acidic solution. This solution contains the dibasic acid called carbonic acid (H2CO3).
Carbon dioxide is used as a refrigerant, in fire extinguishers, for inflating life rafts & life jackets, blasting coal, foaming rubber & plastics, promoting the growth of plants in greenhouses, immobilizing animals before slaughter, and in carbonated beverages.
Ignited magnesium continues khổng lồ burn in carbon dioxide, but the gas does not support the combustion of most materials. Prolonged exposure of humans khổng lồ concentrations of 5 percent carbon dioxide may cause unconsciousness và death.
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